Fenugreek, scientifically known as Trigonella foenum-graecum, is an annual herb from the bean family that grows up to 20 inches in height. It produces light yellow flowers and emanates a fragrance that persists on hands after touching. Its seeds are powdered and used as a spice. Fenugreek powder is also used in naturopathic remedies. Fenugreek is presently cultivated mainly in France, Turkey, Northern Africa, India and China.
Medicinal Uses
The German governmental committee for the evaluation of herbal supplements, Commission E, has approved fenugreek powder in the treatment of appetite loss and skin inflammation. Traditional Chinese medicine uses fenugreek in various forms to treat impotence, hernia and abdominal pain, and fenugreek is present in ancient Ayurvedic treatments for fever, eating disorders, cough, bronchitis and colitis. Fenugreek is also being promoted as a beneficial supplement for breast-feeding women, but according to the Physicians' Desk Reference for Herbal Medicines, Third Edition, 2004, there is no scientific evidence to support a lactation-promoting effect. Another unsupported use of fenugreek is for breast enhancement.
Actions
Fenugreek powder acts as an emollient when applied externally, which recommends it for use in the treatment of skin conditions like ulcers, boils and eczema, as well as for cosmetic applications. Taken internally, it has a hypoglycemic effect, reducing or delaying glucose absorption, although the exact mode of action remains unknown. Lipid-lowering effects have also been observed.
Availability
Fenugreek powder is available on spice racks in grocery stores and in various herbal encapsulations in health food stores. Fenugreek can also be found on the market in whole seed form, in teas and as a liquid extract.
Contraindications
Although its consumption has been proved to be generally safe, fenugreek is not recommended for pregnant women. Due to the historical use of the plant for inducing birth, there is a perception that it may stimulate contractions of the uterus, although this possible effect has not been demonstrated by scientific research. Another side effect that requires consideration is possible skin irritation after external applications.
Culinary Use
Fenugreek powder is an important ingredient in the cuisines of the Far East, especially Indian and Pakistani cuisines. It is added in many lentil and vegetable curry dishes for its powerful aromatic flavor. Fenugreek seeds may also be sprouted for use in salads, and the plant's leaves are also eaten in raw form. Fenugreek seeds are mixed into flour for a special kind of bread, and in some parts of the world they are used to make a coffee substitute that is highly appreciated.
History
One of the oldest known medicinal herbs, fenugreek was cultivated by the ancient Assyrians about 3000 years ago. In Greece and Rome it was used in mouth fresheners, and the Egyptians used fenugreek in the embalming process and for incense. The plant's species name, " foenum-graecum," means "greek hay," from the fact that fenugreek was used to give fragrance to hay of inferior quality. The genus name "Trigonella" refers to the trifoliate aspect of the plant's leaves.
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