According to the American Dental Association, periodontal disease is a serious infection that strikes just under the gum line in the sulcus (thin V-shaped gap between the tooth and gums). In addition to possible tooth loss, the Mayo Clinic says advanced cases of periodontal disease (periodontitis) can increase the risk of heart attack. Some point to a connection between periodontal disease and oral cancer.
Gingivitis & Periodontitis
The two primary stages of periodontal disease are gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is a less serious condition that is limited to the gums. Left untreated, gingivitis can turn into a potentially more harmful type of periodontal disease called periodontitis. Treatment for periodontal disease varies, depending on how far it has advanced. Good oral hygiene methods can prevent the condition from worsening.
Risk Factors
Several things contribute to the development of periodontal disease. Cancer drugs, oral contraceptives, steroids and systemic diseases, such as diabetes, can make you more prone to periodontal disease. Old fillings that have worn down and bridges that don't fit correctly also can increase your risk.
Signs of Periodontal Disease
The American Hygienists Dental Association says about 80 percent of adults in the U.S. have some type of periodontal disease, but most of them are unaware they have it. Over time, signs of periodontal disease can include red, swollen and tender gums that bleed easily. Your gums may not appear as tightly bonded to your teeth and permanent teeth may be loose. You may also have bad breath.
Oral Cancer Connection
The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey discovered a connection between periodontal disease and cancer. Study participants were broken into two groups. Researchers determined that the group with periodontal disease was four times more likely to have oral cancer than the group without the disease. The study does not establish unequivocal proof that periodontal disease causes cancers of the mouth.
Periodontal Disease & Tounge Cancer
The ADA says recent research indicates the more bone deterioration that results from periodontal disease, the higher the chance of contracting tongue cancer.
Researchers at State University of New York at Buffalo and Roswell Park Cancer Institute determined that the risk of tongue cancer due to persistent periodontal disease was more than five times higher with every millimeter of alveolar (bony structure that supports the teeth) bone loss.
The findings, in a study of men only, did not take into account factors such as smoking status and age. The study found that tooth decay, fillings, crowns and root canals did not substantially increase the risk of .
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