There are several disorders or complications associated with the feet, including plantar fasciitis, gout, bunions, corns, athlete's foot and Achilles tendinitis. However, those considered hereditary result from genetic predisposition and may not be caused by external factors (such as improper footwear). Symptoms of genetic foot disorders may be mild or chronic depending on the type of the disorder.
Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis affects the joints. While it typically affects the hands, knees and lower back, osteoarthritis can affect any joint on the body, including those of the feet. It results in a loss of cartilage, a tissue that acts as a cushion between joints. As cartilage breaks down, bones on either side of a joint begin to rub together, resulting in friction and pain. Common symptoms of osteoarthritis include bone spurs, swelling, loss of flexibility, tenderness, stiffness and a sensation of grating whenever the joint is used.
Gout
Like osteoarthritis, gout also affects the joints (most commonly those in the big toe). Aside from genetic predisposition, it is speculated that gout may be linked to one's dietary intake. It occurs when there is a buildup of uric acid (a waste product eliminated by the kidneys) in the body. As uric acid builds, it accumulates in the joints in the form of sharp, crystalline substances. Once in the joints, these deposits result in bouts of acute pain and swelling.
Polydactyly
Polydactyly can be caused by diseases such as carpenter syndrome and trisomy 13, but it is often inherited through familial genetics. Polydactyly is simply the growth of a sixth digit. In regard to the foot, polydactyly manifests as the growth of a sixth toe. The sixth digit may be poorly developed, resting at an odd angle on the side of the foot. It may also be fully developed and fully functional.
Flatfoot
Flatfoot is a complication where the arch of the foot has collapsed. As a result, feet lack the natural curve or contour. Flatfoot is typically bilateral (occurs in both feet). It is frequently congenital or occurs at a very young age. Flatfoot is sometimes devoid of symptoms but may cause pain in the legs, knees, hips or lower back on account of poor support provided by flat feet.
Bunions
Bunions are largely speculated to be hereditary because of their prevalence in families. They are caused by a deformity of the hallux valgus, an area on the inner edge of the big toe. Their appearance suggests an inflammation of the toe joint. Symptoms of bunions include pain associated with sensations of pressure or force around the affected area.
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