The study of the immune system is still quite young, and much is yet unknown about its function and development. Many theories about immunity have been disproven by scientists in recent years.
Facts About the Immune System
The immune system is a protective network of cells that defends the body from foreign agents, or antibodies. As noted at the Antigenics website, the immune system has the ability to remember previous exposure to harmful bacteria. It also is capable of distinguishing foreign bacteria, fungi or viruses, thereby preventing cellular damage.
Myths About Function
The immune system is commonly thought to be damaged by exposure to the cold. Scientific studies have shown that cold temperatures have minimal effect of immune functioning, as noted at Springerlink. The cold virus, for example, is spread by nasal excretions. The immune system's function and response is most affected by diet and lifestyle, as well as any detrimental pre-existing conditions.
Theories/Speculation
Many theories about the immune system have been disproved. For example, it is not true that vaccines overwhelm a baby's immune system. The National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases maintains that vaccines are effective, even in multiple doses.
Benefits of Myths
Many of the myths generated about the immune system have stimulated beneficial research. For example, proponents of marijuana often cite its health benefits. However, studies have shown that marijuana is in fact an immunosupressant, as noted at Harvard University's article, "The Medical Dangers of Marijuana." Marijuana could actually weaken the immune system and increase the risk of bacterial infection.
Causes
The immune system in particular is quite susceptible to myths. Dr. Michael Fitzpatrick proposes that this is due to the simultaneous ambiguity and applicability of the term. He notes that the term "immune system" has had a remarkable growth in usage since its first use in the 1970s. The vulnerability of the human body, as well as the unpredictability of nature and outside forces, give the term a sort of "mystique" that often encourages and generates myths and questionable theories. "Though the term was borrowed from the science of immunology," says Dr. Fitzpatrick, "its new meaning was filled out with ideas derived from influential contemporary trends, notably environmentalism, alternative health and New Age mysticism."
Regardless of its ambiguity, the concept of the immune system has also provided many opportunities for further scientific research. Even the colorful myths surrounding immunology have often been helpful platforms for understanding disease prevention.
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