Multiple myeloma is a cancer that can develop in the bone marrow in multiple places in an individual, hence the name. comes with symptoms such as anemia and bone pain. According to the Mayo Clinic, the disease can cause erosion of the bones. A diagnosis of multiple myeloma is reached through various tests.
Blood protein tests
Multiple myeloma is capable of producing high amounts of certain proteins in the blood. The National Cancer Institute states that these proteins can be detected by blood tests, which can lead to a successful diagnosis of the ailment.
Anemia and calcium
When the cancer results in lowered levels of white blood cells then anemia can affect the patient. Lab tests that can determine these levels as well as heightened levels of calcium as the bones are affected can aid in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma.
Urine tests
Urine look for a specific protein called Bence Jones protein over a span of 24 hours can alert a physician to the presence of multiple myeloma. This is important since these proteins can adversely affect the kidneys.
Imaging tests
If multiple myeloma is suspected, X-rays can be taken to reveal any thinning bones. Possible fractures can also be found and imaging exams such as CT scans and MRIs can be employed to look for bone problems.
Biopsy
A bone marrow biopsy is the definitive test that diagnoses multiple myeloma. These biopsies can be done with thick hollowed needles that can remove samples of bone as well as bone marrow that are then examined for cancerous cells.
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