Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that occurs when the body's own immune systems attacks the nerves' protective covering, which may lead to nerve deterioration and may also interfere with communication between the nerves and the brain. Symptoms of multiple sclerosis vary among individuals, depending on what nerves have been most affected. Some individuals with multiple sclerosis experience problems with their eyes.
Optic Neuritis
Optic neuritis is an eye condition that often affects individuals with multiple sclerosis. In fact, it may be first symptom that occurs prior to other multiple sclerosis symptoms. This condition occurs when the optic nerve becomes inflamed. The inflammation usually leads to some degree of pain and vision impairment. Vision loss varies depending on the severity of the inflammation. Some individuals may become temporarily colorblind. Optic neuritis is typically treated with steroids. In most circumstances, normal vision returns within a period of six months.
Presbyopia
According to the Mayo Clinic, individuals with multiple sclerosis are at an increased risk of developing presbyopia. This condition impairs the eyes' ability to focus on objects nearby. Presbyopia is most often treated with corrective lenses, such as bifocals. However, laser eye surgery or lens implants are also options.
Blurry or Double Vision
Multiple sclerosis may also cause intermittent blurry or double vision. This may occur as a result of optic nerve damage or weakened eye muscles.
Nystagmus
Another common eye problem associated with multiple sclerosis is a condition called nystagmus. Nystagmus is a condition characterized by uncontrolled eye movements. The movements can become so severe that vision is impaired. Medications can be used to improve this condition.
Other Eye Symptoms
Temporary blindness may occur during multiple sclerosis flare. Temporary blindness may last up to 24 hours and is usually caused by inflammation of the eyes' nerves. Also, individuals may also experience ocular dymethria, which causes the eyes to undershoot or overshoot when trying to focus on objects. Another condition that may experienced is movement and sound phosphenes, which is a condition that occurs when flashing lights are seen with the eyes in response to eye movement or sudden noises. Individuals with multiple sclerosis may also experience intermittent eye pain.
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