Most toothbrushes have a plastic handle and nylon bristles, or bristles of nylon and polyester. Other options are available, however, using natural or biodegradable products which are more environmentally friendly. An increasing interest in natural bristles returns to a technology invented at least 500 years ago.
Identification
A toothbrush is technically made up of the body, neck, head, and bristles, offered in a myriad of minor shape variations. The bristles are adhered to the head, which is attached to the neck and body, and bristles are designated as soft, medium, or hard.
History
Bristles have been made of nylon for the most part since the substance was invented in the 1930s. For at least 500 years before that, toothbrushes usually had had of hairs from the Siberian wild boar. Europeans also used horse hair for bristles, preferring a softer brushing experience. People adhered these hairs to handles made of bamboo and bone. Europeans began mass-producing toothbrushes in the 1600s, and Americans began doing so in the late 1800s.
The Chinese people are credited with having invented this particular toothbrush design. We don't know exactly how long ago they did so, but Europeans brought these brushes back with them in the 1400s. Previously, people generally had used twigs and sticks to clean their teeth, or rubbed abrasive material onto their teeth with their fingers or a cloth.
Features
Most toothbrushes today have plastic handles and bristles made of nylon or a nylon-polyester blend, but alternatives are available for people wanting more eco-friendly options. A return to Siberian wild boar hair is increasing, with manufacturers such as the Fuchs dental care company assuring animal rights proponents that the boar are well-cared for throughout their long lives. Their bristles are harvested many times over the years, similar to the way wool is harvested from sheep.
The bristles have different textures, so people can choose from soft, medium, and hard. Most are light beige, but the stiffest ones are black. Manufacturers claim these brushes are particularly beneficial for people who need extra softness for sensitive teeth and gums.
Considerations
In a new invention that replaces bristles with a sponge, Brazilian industrial designer Fabio Dabori introduced an electric toothbrush in 2008 which he says is perfect for massaging gums and polishing teeth. He has said the sponge brush is especially good for those who need a softer cleaning instrument, such as babies, the elderly, and people with gum disease.
Potential
Some toothbrushes now have replaceable heads so people don't have to throw away the handles for a very long time. A non-toxic biodegradable resin handle is available, made of material which is also being used for tableware, combs, and golf tees. Then there are toothbrushes with wood handles and natural bristles. These don't even have to go to the landfill -- they can be disposed of in the compost pile, the campfire, or the wood stove.
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