Whether you suffer from severe or mild depression, there are ways to combat feelings of hopelessness. It’s estimated that approximately 16 percent of the adult population has chronic depression. Depression is more than the occasional blues. Some sufferers are unable to get out of bed, work, sleep or eat. What’s more, depression can affect their relationships with loved ones.
Instructions
1. Get to the bottom of depression. Life experiences can trigger depression. These include loss of a loved one, financial pressures and health problems. Before a person can deal with the depression, he will need to find ways to cope with the traumatic experiences that cause sadness.
2. Keep yourself busy. Staying busy keeps your mind off your problems. Rather than sit around and wallow in self-pity or dwell on bad situations, discover an outlet. Find projects around the home or experiment with different hobbies.
3. Stay in contact with friends and relatives. People who deal with chronic depression tend to isolate themselves. However, this can intensify symptoms. Being around others can boost a bad mood and sufferers are more likely to forget their problems and feel better.
4. Know when to get help. Although some people can self-treat their chronic depression, serious depression may require the help of a professional. Talk with a doctor and learn about different treatment options. Initially, doctors may prescribe an anti-depressant to help regulate moods. If conditions don’t improve, patients may need to consult a therapist.
5. Learn deal with anxiety. Anxiety and obsessive thoughts can trigger depression. Rather than dwell on the bad things in life, focus on the positive aspects. This can be family, work or any special privilege. Everyone deals with a measure of problems. People who expect perfection are more likely to develop chronic depression.
6. Adopt a regular workout routine. Exercise reduces stress levels and boosts self-esteem, which in turn fights depression.
Tags: chronic depression, deal with, more likely, Rather than, trigger depression
More than just strips of fabric, cancer ribbons are badges of support.
Deciphering the colors of cancer ribbons can be confusing. For instance, if a cancer awareness ribbon is blue, it could be promoting awareness of one of a number of different types of cancers. By learning the significance of different shades of ribbon colors, one can provide purposeful support to cancer survivors.
Shades of Blue
Pale blue signifies both prostate cancer as well as childhood cancer. Stomach cancer is represented by a close cousin of blue, periwinkle. Teal encompasses ovarian cancer, cervical cancer and uterine cancer. Dark blue cancer ribbons reference colon cancer.
Warm Colors
Cancer of a person's blood cells, leukemia, is represented by an orange awareness ribbon. Yellow stands for bladder cancer. Gold signifies childhood cancer.
Dark Hues
Dark colors, such as purple, green and brown refer to pancreatic, kidney and colorectal cancers, respectively.
Soft Colors
Pink ribbons support cancer survivors of breast cancer. According to the book Ribbon: The Art of Adornment, pale pink ribbons simply indicate breast cancer, while dark pink ribbons indicate inflammatory breast cancer. Peach ribbons are worn to support those who battle with uterine cancer or endometrial cancer.
Unsaturated Colors
Unsaturated colors, such as white and grey, are significant despite their lack of saturation. White ribbons represent bone cancer, while grey ones suggest brain cancer.
Tags: breast cancer, cancer ribbons, awareness ribbon, cancer Dark, cancer while, childhood cancer, colors such
If you have been treated by a physical therapist or chiropractor for pain, you may have had an ultrasound treatment. It is a common modality used in the initial stages of treatment for sports injuries, soft-tissue injuries from accidents or pain from arthritis and other joint diseases. Ultrasound can be used for both joint and muscle pain. The effectiveness of ultrasound treatments can vary from patient to patient.
Identification
An ultrasound machine consists of a console where the intensity of the treatment can be adjusted by the therapist. Attached to the machine is a rounded probe that is rubbed on top of the skin to deliver the ultrasound treatment.
Function
An ultrasound machine produces high-frequency sound waves (too high for human ears to hear) that are transferred to your body through the probe. The sound waves travel deep into your tissues and muscles and create a sensation of tingling or gentle heat.
Process
First, a hypoallergenic gel is placed on the skin to create a friction-free surface. Your therapist may also combine anti-inflammatory medication with the gel. The sound waves force the medication into the tissues to reduce pain and inflammation.
Benefits
The sound waves created by the ultrasound treatment make your tissues vibrate, which creates heat. Heat can encourage the blood vessels to dilate, which brings blood, oxygen and nutrients to the area. Increased blood flow can also remove waste products produced by the cells.
Uses
Patients who treatments may experience relief from pain, decreased inflammation, fewer muscle spasms and, in some cases, improved range of motion.
Tags: sound waves, ultrasound treatment, have ultrasound, ultrasound machine, Ultrasound Therapy, ultrasound treatments, What Ultrasound
Color therapy is an alternative therapy that strives to restore balance in the body, mind and spirit through the use of colored lights, color swatches, interior design, clothing and color visualization. Color therapy is often used to fight off stress and anxiety. Left untreated, stress and anxiety may contribute to insomnia, depression and even addictive behaviors. Stress and anxiety have also been linked to cancer, stomach ulcers, infertility and premature aging. Follow these steps to learn more.
Instructions
Relieve Anxiety Through Color Therapy
1. Make an appointment with a color therapist in your area. Browse through the provider directories at the "Holistic online" or "ByRegion Network" Web sites (see Resources below).
2. Find at-home anxiety reducing exercises in books like "Color Therapy: Healing with Color" by R. B. Amber or the "Language of Color" by Dorothee Mella (see Resources below).
3. Pick up inexpensive color therapy tools like color swatches and colored water bottles. Invest in moderately-priced gadgets like color card sets and color light cubes.
4. Consider a complementary therapy for anxiety reduction, such as aromatherapy, biofeedback, meditation or yoga.
5. Invest in an audio CD like "Good Health Through Color Therapy" by Brad Steiger (see Resources below).
Relieve Anxiety Breathing
6. Sit upright or lie down in a quiet and comfortable location.
7. Imagine your body being bathed in blue light from the top of your head to the bottoms of your feet for four minutes.
8. Imagine green light entering through your navel and spreading out through your body. Take just one minute with the color green.
9. Inhale the color of your choice, and imagine it spreading through your body.
10. Exhale and imagine the complementary color leaving your body. Complementary colors are found opposite one another on a color wheel. For instance, the complementary color for blue is orange, and the complementary color for green is red.
11. Take two minutes to mentally engulf your entire body in white light. Once you're done, gently stretch your body, slowly "waking up" from your color meditation. This is a quick and free way to relieve anxiety just about anywhere--even at your office.
Tags: Through Color, , Anxiety Through, Anxiety Through Color, Relieve Anxiety Through, , complementary color
TMJ is the medical term for conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint in a person's jaw. Adults and children are both prone to having TMJ disorders. Some treatment options include braces, medications and physical therapy. When conventional treatments fail to help or if there is damage to the joint, there are several different surgical operations that can be performed to help manage the pain for the TMJ disorders.
Arthroplasty
Arthroplasty is a term for several different surgeries used to treat TMJ conditions. These surgeries include a discectomy, , condylotomy and joint replacement. Each surgical procedure has the ability to offer relief to the painful symptoms of TMJ. The surgery options also carry risks. Edema, increased pain, bleeding and infections may occur after a TMJ operation. An injury of the ear or nerves is possible during an arthroplasty surgery. The arthroplasty procedure helps to improve the function of the temporomandibular joint, but the individual may continue to experience pain.
Disc Repositioning
Some TMJ disorders are caused by a cartilage disc has slipped out of position. The movement of the cartilage causes a popping sound when the individual opens her mouth. The disk may also pinch surrounding nerves and cause a great deal of pain. A disc repositioning surgery is performed to manipulate the disk back into position and secure it in place. The surgery is done using and normally requires a short hospital stay.
Discectomy
A discectomy is needed when the cartilage disc is severely damaged and is no longer able to provide cushioning to the temporomandibular joint. A discectomy is also performed when a disk repositioning surgery has failed to keep the disk in place. Some disks will continually slip out of position or will move within the joint. These TMJ conditions make good candidates for the discectomy surgery. Like the repositioning surgery, a discectomy requires a short hospital stay and general anesthesia. The purpose of the operation is to remove the disc material and allow scar tissue to grow and fill the joint space. Recovery for the discectomy surgery takes weeks to months. The scar tissue will help decrease the friction of the bones rubbing together in the joint.
Condylotomy
A condylotomy involves surgically reshaping the condyle in the jaw. The condyle is the bony piece that extends into the disc. A condylotomy is not as common for a surgical procedure. It is usually only performed for cases of extreme trauma to the joint.
TMJ Replacement
If the joint is badly damaged and no other option is available, the temporomandibular joint may be removed and replaced. The jaw is first wired shut to hold the mouth in position. The joint is surgically removed and a new graft is placed. After shaping the new condyle and smoothing surrounding areas, the graft is screwed into the jaw. The best resource for building a new temporomandibular joint is from the person's own rib bone.
Tags: , repositioning surgery, cartilage disc, discectomy surgery, disk repositioning, general anesthesia, hospital stay
Epsom salts can treat many conditions and disorders, including inflammation and muscle soreness, stress, difficulty sleeping, headaches, and other common aches and pains. Keep Epsom salts on hand around your house for use in soothing baths, as a cleanser and as a poultice for sore muscles.
How Epsom Salts Work
The main ingredient in Epsom salt is magnesium, which is "the second-most abundant element in human cells and the fourth-most important positively charged ion in the body," according to the Epsom Salt Council. Magnesium relaxes muscles, reduces swelling, improves heart and circulatory health, improves the body's ability to use insulin, helps flush toxins, improves nerve function by regulating electrolytes, and reduces stress. You can take magnesium as a dietary supplement, but it also can be absorbed through the skin. An Epsom poultice draws magnesium in through the skin, delivering it directly to sore muscles rather than waiting for an oral pain reliever to travel through the bloodstream to the affected area.
Epsom Poultices
Poultice packs made with Epsom salts are easy to make to treat muscle sprains and strains. They can be messy though, so use this treatment in the bath or bathroom, or wherever you can easily clean up. Mix Epsom salts with enough water to make a paste that will cover the area you are treating. Prepare a damp, warm towel and set it aside. Apply the thick paste to the sore area and spread it in an even layer over the skin. Take the warm towel, wrap it around the area covered with Epsom salts and secure it. Let the poultice sit for at least 20 minutes and then wash off the paste. You can add some intermittent heat directly to the moist towel with a hairdryer, but be careful not to burn yourself.
Considerations
Overuse of may lead to magnesium toxicity, so as with all supplements, use it in moderation. Talk to your doctor if you are unsure whether Epsom salts are safe to use for specific conditions, and pregnant women should always consult with their physicians before using this treatment.
Acupressure, an ancient technique of , can be used to relieve symptoms of interstitial cystitis.
What is Interstitial Cystitis?
The Interstitial Cystitis Association defines interstitial cystitis, or I.C., as "pelvic pain, pressure or discomfort related to the bladder typically associated with urinary frequency and urgency, in the absence of infection or other pathology."
According to the National Kidney and Urologic Disease Information Clearing House, patients who have I.C may contain a substance within their bladders that prevents cells lining the walls of the bladder from growing normally. There is not a medical "cure" for I.C., although often it may disappear without explanation, and diet and other lifestyle changes may alleviate or eliminate symptoms.
How is I.C. Treated?
There are medications, surgical treatments and an electrical nerve stimulation procedure available for the treatment of I.C. However, diet modification can also be effective at eliminating symptoms. Sodas, dairy products, alcoholic drinks, carbonated drinks and many fruits, for example, often aggravate symptoms of I.C. If you have I.C., you may be able to identify which specific foods worsen your symptoms.
What is Acupressure?
Acupressure provides varying degrees of relief for a wide variety of health conditions. According to Kevin Boyd, the author of A Beginner's Guide to Acupressure, the philosophy of Chinese medicine is that our life force, or "chi," runs along meridians in the body.
The Philosophy of Chinese Medicine
Boyd says, "We remain healthy when the flow balances internally and externally. We become ill when internal or external events disturb the flow. Along the meridians are a large number of pressure points that act as valves for the flow of chi. Stimulating acupoints restores balance, relieving symptoms."
Acupressure and I.C.
Acupressure can be applied to help relieve the symptoms of I.C. It is best to use acupressure in conjunction with other techniques to control I.C. You are more likely to reduce pain and urgency if you also eliminate foods that you know worsen your symptoms. Acupressure without diet control may be ineffectual if the bladder is re-irritated.
Applying Acupressure
To apply acupressure, you can use your knuckle, the point of your finger or the eraser-end of a pencil. Apply pressure to the acupressure point for 15 to 30 seconds. Then apply pressure to the same spot on the other side of your body, your other leg, hand, etc.
The acupressure points for cystitis are 5, 28, and 36. Acupressure point No. 5 is located a palm's width over the top of the inside ankle bone on the back side of the shin bone. The 28th acupressure point is after the bone on the smallest toe. The 36th acupressure point is two palms and the width of a thumb above the top of the ankle bone.
Effects of Acupressure
Acupressure may provide some relief immediately, and the other benefits may continue to assimilate into the body for about three days. If you receive some relief from acupressure but are still experiencing troublesome symptoms, you may want to consider acupuncture, which is based upon the same philosophy as acupressure but often used in more acute situations.
Tags: Acupressure Acupressure, acupressure point, ankle bone, Chinese medicine, Interstitial Cystitis, relieve symptoms, some relief
Hypoxemia, or hypoxia, is the medical term for a low oxygen level. This condition can be characterized by shortness of breath and reduced exercise capacity, with fatigue occurring quickly after physical exertion. Learning about the causes of a low blood oxygen level can help you to understand how this condition is diagnosed and treated.
Significance
Low blood oxygen levels are significant because the body's cells rely on oxygen for proper functioning. When oxygen levels are reduced, the cells cannot function normally. Tissues can also become damaged due to a lack of oxygen. Several causes of low blood oxygen levels can be life-threatening. Once the cause of hypoxemia is identified, it should be treated to ensure that tissue damage and more serious consequences do not occur.
Causes
Low blood oxygen levels are most often caused by conditions that affect the lungs and heart. The Mayo Clinic reports that respiratory conditions that contribute to hypoxemia include airway obstruction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, interstitial lung disease, pneumonia and blood clots in the lungs. Cardiac causes of low blood oxygen levels include low cardiac output and birth defects of the heart. Other causes of hypoxemia include anemia, shock, sleep apnea and living or visiting areas with high altitudes.
Diagnosis
Hypoxemia can be diagnosed with an arterial blood gas test or the use of a pulse oximeter. Arterial blood gas testing involves taking a sample of blood from an artery. The sample is analyzed to determine the concentration of oxygen and carbon dioxide present. Pulse oximeters are medical devices that measure the concentration of oxygen in the blood. If the level of oxygen in the blood is low, further testing may be needed to determine the cause of the hypoxemia. Computerized tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to diagnose heart and lung conditions that may be causing hypoxemia. Specialized tests such as pulmonary function testing, electrocardiography and echocardiography may also be used to check the structure and function of the heart or lungs.
Treatment
Oxygen treatment is used to increase the amount of oxygen in the bloodstream and lungs. This reduces the symptoms associated with low blood oxygen levels. Portable oxygen tanks make it possible to receive this treatment at home instead of in the hospital. The University of Michigan Health System indicates that oxygen gas cylinders, oxygen concentrators and liquid oxygen devices can be used to administer oxygen to patients with low blood oxygen levels. Treating the underlying cause of hypoxemia can help prevent low blood oxygen levels from occurring consistently.
Risks
Prolonged periods of low blood oxygen levels can be very serious. In addition to tissue damage, hypoxemia can cause life-threatening complications. Geoff Bellingan, a senior lecturer at the Centre for Respiratory Research at the Rayne Institute in London, reports that low levels result in an inflammatory response by the body. This results in leaks in the tiny blood vessels known as capillaries. If hypoxemia persists, fatal pulmonary or cardiac complications may occur.
Back muscle aches can really put a damper on your day or night. They can leave you immobile, uncomfortable and unable to sleep. Easing your can be simple though, and doesn't always mean a trip to your doctor.
Instructions
1. Take some medication. There are a variety of over-the-counter medications that can help ease pain and reduce inflammation. Tylenol, Excedrin and Advil are just a few, and most brands offer specific formulas made exclusively for back pain relief. Depending on the severity of your muscle aches, can also prescribe a muscle relaxant that can ease back muscle aches and spasms.
2. Apply heat to the aching area. Use a heating pad or hot water bottle to help alleviate pain. Lying on your stomach or back, apply heat to the area for 20 minutes or so. This should help soothe muscles and ease pain. You can also buy heat patches to apply to the area if you don't have time to lie down.
3. Take an Epsom salt bath. Add 2 to 3 cups of the salt to warm bath water and soak for at least 15 minutes.
4. Try a little exercise. While you don't want to overexert your back muscles, light exercise can help stretch out and relieve tight back muscles. Try simple exercise like stretching or walking outside. You can also try a simple head roll or stretching your torso from left-to-right. Another good stretch for lower back aches is to lay flat on your back and bring your knees up and into your chest.
Tags: , your back, back aches, back muscles, ease pain, your doctor
Finding out that you have cancer is a sobering experience. It is possible, in most cases, to fight cancer and win. When you are fighting cancer, the definition of winning changes from permanently beating the cancer to doing everything you can to keep life normal while you are fighting the disease and during the remission stage.
Instructions
1. Keep an open mind. Try to focus on the positive aspect of every form of treatment you have to endure. For instance, chemotherapy could be considered a form of torture. Look at it instead as a helpful therapy that is working hard to rid your body of damaging cells.
2. Follow your doctor's instructions. This may sound simple, but some things that your doctor asks you to do may be challenging. Remember that even if you have some minor inconveniences, dealing with those temporarily may very well save your life or drastically improve your quality of life.
3. Lean on loved ones. Having a good support system when you battle cancer is a must. Your loved ones can help you physically and emotionally during trying times. Ask for help when you need it.
4. Eat a balanced diet. Keeping up your strength when you are is necessary. The better your diet, the better you will feel. Keep in mind that sometimes, you may have to force yourself to eat.
5. Stay moving if possible. Cancer, like many diseases, can drain your energy. Try to keep up at least a light exercise program. Make sure that you have your doctor's approval before you begin an exercise program.
6. Pray. If you believe in a higher power, pray for healing from your cancer. You can also pray that your higher power's will be done with your cancer.
Tags: your doctor, , fighting cancer, higher power, loved ones, that have
Human muscles are composed of many cells and are responsible for movement in the body. The human body has more than 600 muscles.
Skeletal Muscles
Skeletal muscles of the of the body are attached to the bones. When these muscles contract, they pull on bones or skin. This causes movement in the particular part of the body where the muscles are contracting. These are voluntary muscles that you control. The muscles listed throughout are all skeletal muscles.
Head and Face Muscles
The muscles in the head and face are examples of skeletal muscles and include: occipitalis, frontalis, orbicularis oris, zygomaticus, depressor anguli oris, buccinator, risorius, obicularis oculi, masseter, temporalis, digastric and mylohyoid. These muscles are responsible for almost all voluntary movements of the face and head, such as chewing, frowning, smiling, closing your eyelids, opening mouth, swallowing, and other facial expressions or processes.
Shoulder and Arm Muscles
Shoulder and arm muscles include: teres major, teres minor, deltoid, subscapularis, supraspinatus,infraspinatus, biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, triceps brachii, pronator teres, supinator. are used to extend the arm outward, flexing muscles, rotating arm and other arm movements.
Hip and Thigh Muscles
Hip and thigh muscles include: iliacus, psoas major, pectineus, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae, abductor longus/magnus, rectus femoris, vastus (lateralis, medialis, and intermedius). These muscles flex and rotate the thigh in different muscle locations, either high, low, or laterally. Hamstring muscles include: biceps femoris, semiteninosus, and semimembranosus. Hamstring muscles work by extending the hip and flexing the knee joints.
Trunk and Back Muscles
Muscles in the chest and back muscles include: trapezius, levator, scrapulae, rhomboideus, latissimus dorsi, quadratus lumborum. These muscles aid in the movement of the upper body and assist with flexing, lifting, bending, breathing and other upper body motions.
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The puborectalis muscle can be relaxed at will, when necessary, by developing the ability to be aware of the nerve sensations in the surrounding area.
The puborectalis muscle helps control elimination during a bowel movement. The muscle is connected to the anal sphincter, which remains in a contracted state that opposes the puborectalis muscle system. Because there are certain circumstances when one may desire to relax this muscle system at will, such as during insertion of a medical suppository or to reduce discomfort for men who may be enduring a common medical digital rectal exam to ascertain the health of the prostate, ability to relax the muscle becomes a much desired skill.
Instructions
1. Practice daily in becoming more mentally aware of the sensory nerves in the rectal area of your body when experiencing regular bowel movements. Become familiar with the neurological feedback (sensations) experienced as the puborectalis muscle automatically relaxes along with the anal sphincter to allow a successful bowel movement.
2. Perform a conscious memorization of the neurological sensations experienced every time Step 1 is performed over a period of two to four weeks. Try to reproduce the sensation of the relaxed muscle group mentally, remembering what that relaxed muscle state feels like.
3. Practice making your "memory" of the sensations occur physically once you are confident you know the sensation of the relaxed puborectalis and anal sphincter muscles well. Concentrate as you expand and contract the pelvic muscle groups deliberately and continue practicing until you are able to sense the same memorized sensations learned through becoming more aware of these two muscle sets during bowel movements, when the muscles automatically relax as part of reflexive action.
4. Continue practicing your new ability to deliberately relax the puborectalis and the anal sphincter muscles together at the same time, once or twice throughout each day, preferably within two or three hours after each to prevent accidental soiling.
Osteosarcomas cases are very rare. In fact, there are only about 2,000 cases diagnosed in the U.S. each year. That means that less than 1 percent of all reported cancer cases are diagnosed as osteosarcoma. The majority of cases are diagnosed in adolescence due to the rapid growth experienced during this time. During puberty, children grow faster than at any other time in their life, so the cells are multiplying exponentially, creating greater potential for cancerous growth. Osteosarcomas can also be found in the elderly who have Paget's disease. Paget's is another bone disease that can turn into osteosarcoma.
Definition
Osteosarcoma is primary bone cancer; primary meaning that the cancer has not metastasized from anywhere else. Primary bone cancers are one of the rarest types of cancer in general. However, of the primary bone cancers, osteosarcoma is the most common. Cancer is the result of rapidly increasing cells growing to form an unwanted mass within the body, in this case within the bones.
Types
The most common osteosarcoma is high-grade type. This type accounts for 90 percent of all osteosarcomas. Other types that have a high-grade, or acute aggressiveness, are telangiectatic, small cell and secondary. Low-grade osteosarcomas are those that are not as aggressive. These include surface low-grade and low-grade osteosarcomas. Most often osteosarcomas are referred to as either high-grade or low-grade. Most tumors that originate from the interior of the bone, or the marrow, are high-grade, while those originating on the exterior of the bone are considered low-grade.
Symptoms
There are rarely early signs of osteosarcoma. If symptoms occur, there may be localized swelling accompanied with or without pain. Often times, osteosarcomas are found after an injury such as a fracture. However, once a mass is discovered after a fracture, the prevention of future fractures becomes imperative. The mass weakens the effected bone, making a person more susceptible to future breaks.
Treatments
High-grade tumors are usually treated with a combination of chemotherapy to shrink the mass and then surgery. This can be as simple as removal of the tumor or as complex as amputation. For low-grade osteosarcoma, chemotherapy is not recommended and most physicians remove the mass and reconstruct the bone.
Alternative Treaments
Many osteosarcoma sufferers find relief in other forms of treatment, including massage therapy, yoga, meditation and other light physical activity to stimulate the bones and muscles. Such treatments also help alleviate some of the pain and swelling that result from some cases of osteosarcoma.
Leg cramps are caused by many factors or conditions, including dehydration, strenuous exercises, fatigue, weight gain and abnormalities in the nerves. Leg cramp symptoms include leg pain, cramping and muscle tenderness. Fortunately, homeopathic, herbal and alternative remedies can provide a natural way to alleviate and reduce leg cramps and pain.
Yarrow
Grown in various parts of Asia, North America and Europe, yarrow is a plant that has been used to alleviate spasms and leg cramps. The flowered tops of the yarrow plant help to dilate and relax muscles. To prepare, mix 1 teaspoon of yarrow with 1 cup of boiling water. Let the water boil for 10 minutes and allow the mixture a few minutes to cool off. Drink up to 3 cups of yarrow tea daily. You may also dip a cloth into the tea and apply it generously over your legs or any other part of your body where you are experiencing cramps or minor skin irritations.
Chamomile
Found mostly in Europe and Asia, chamomile has been used in tea, capsule and liquid forms to treat bowel disorders, anxiety, insomnia, gingivitis, migraines and cramps. Glycine, a compound found in chamomile, relaxes muscle cramps and calms the nervous system. For best results in alleviating leg cramps, consume chamomile as tea. Boil 1 cup of water and a few teaspoons of chamomile. Boil the mixture for a few minutes before straining the tea. Honey may be added. Chamomile tea should be consumed up to five or six times per day for optimal results.
Lavender Oil
Lavender oil is also known as a remedy for a variety of ailments, including leg cramps and pain. It is extracted from the plant's flowers. Aside from leg cramps, lavender oil helps headaches, wounds, acne and lethargy. To relieve painful cramps and muscle pain, add 1 drop of undiluted lavender oil to a few drops of olive oil. The olive oil will help with the application process by making lavender oil smoother and easier to rub into your skin. Massage the oils generously all over the cramping areas on your legs. Leave the oils on for at least 10 minutes before washing off.
Medicaid is a state-operated, federally- and state-funded health insurance program for certain low-income individuals. These individuals include the elderly, disabled, pregnant women and children. If you are disabled and are awaiting a decision on your Social Security disability application, you may apply for Medicaid for the disabled at your local Medicaid office.
Instructions
1. Gather necessary documents for completing the initial Medicaid application. You will need your state- or federally-issued photo identification card, Social Security card, birth certificate and proof of income (i.e. check stubs, tax documents if self-employed, proof of child support, etc). You will need to complete the initial application at your local Medicaid office.
2. Sign information releases at your local Medicaid office so that your state's Medicaid review team can obtain medical records to determine whether or not you are disabled. If you have any medical records of your own, you may submit them to your local Medicaid office.
3. Submit any additional documentation that is requested by the Medicaid office. The Medicaid office will typically mail you a letter with a list of any additional documents, including proof of out-of-pocket medical expenses, and additional documentation for resources, such as your car title or house deed.
4. Compose an appeal letter and submit it prior to the due date if you receive a denial letter. The appeal letter should state that you request an appeal and should outline the reasons for the appeal. If you are denied due to insufficient evidence of a disability, you should contact your local Medicaid office to inquire about what medical records were received. You should submit any additional medical records that help support your case after submitting the appeal letter.
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Envenomation is the process of a poisonous venom from an animal reaching the bloodstream of a human being; usually a person is infected with venom by a bite or through venom reaching an open wound or the eyes.
Species
When a person is bitten by a venomous animal such as a snake or spider, the animal should be secured to ensure no other people are bitten. Where possible, envenomation protocols call for the species of animal to be identified.
Contact
Emergency services should be contacted as soon as possible to allow anti-venom medication to be found. Information passed on to emergency services should include location of the envenomation, symptoms and contact information.
Emergency
Emergency first aid should be applied to the victim where possible by keeping him calm and as immobile as possible. The location of the bite should be discovered and the limb held below the victim's heart with a contracting strap applied to the limb between the bite and the heart.
Alternative health practitioners, from acupuncturists to naturopaths, often use healing crystals in conjunction with other healing modalities. They believe that different stones carry different healing properties. For instance, amethyst is used to enhance creativity and to calm the nervous system. Hematite is believed to heal blood-related illnesses such as anemia. Before using stones in a healing practice, however, it's necessary to clean them, to clear them of any negative energy they may hold.
Instructions
1. Use sea salt with water to clear the stone. Add one tablespoon of sea salt to 4 ounces of filtered or purified water in a ceramic or glass container. Allow the stone to soak for 24 hours. If you live next to the ocean, you can use seawater as a purifying agent.
2. Use dry sea salt. Pour sea salt into a ceramic or glass container of salt. Bury the crystal, points down, in the salt. Again, leave the stone in the salt for 24 hours.
3. Smudge your stone. Light a bundle of sage with a lighter or match. Run the crystal through the smoke a few times and it should be clear. Make sure to test the stone's energy when you're finished, to make sure it feels clean to you.
4. Set your stones outside in the moonlight. The strongest time to clear by moonlight is between the full moon and the new moon. Leave them outside for at least one night. It may take longer if the stone holds a lot of negative energy or has been recently used in a major healing activity.
5. Place the stones in running water, such as a creek or river. If you're in an urban setting, put the stones in a ceramic or glass container and leave under running tap water for 20 minutes. Keep the points facing downward so the energy flows down the drain.
Tags: ceramic glass, , glass container, negative energy, running water
Rose quartz refers to a pink or reddish variety of quartz, which is the most abundant mineral on Earth. Rose quartz is composed of silica (SiO2) and forms hexagonal crystals.
Features
has a vitreous or glassy luster and a hardness of 7. Rose quartz ranges from translucent to opaque. The stone's pink or rose red color may be caused by traces of iron and titanium, although some studies have suggested microscopic fibers of an unknown mineral actually cause the color.
Uses
Rose quartz is sometimes used as an inexpensive gemstone and ornamental stone. Rose quartz is an alternate birthstone for January. The stone symbolizes love and beauty.
Location
Rose quartz is found in Brazil, India, Germany, Madagascar and the United States. It exists in many geological environments and has been found in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks.
Fun Fact
Rose quartz is closely related to other forms of quartz. For example, amethyst refers to purple quartz, citrine is yellow quartz and smoky quartz appears brown or gray.
Varicose veins are unsightly veins that are most commonly found in the legs. Veins become enlarged due to building blood pressure and dysfunction of one-way valves found in leg veins that help deoxygenated blood return to the heart, against gravity. Leaking or weak valves, which are found every few inches in the legs, prevent blood from draining properly. In most cases, varicose veins are caused by prolonged standing, vein disease such as thrombophlebitis, or sometimes pressure on veins caused by pregnancy. While adults of both males and females may suffer from varicose veins, it is more prevalent in women than men. Learning to recognize and identify symptoms of varicose veins may help to prevent complications such as ulcers, deep-vein clots and insufficient blood flow.
Instructions
1. Examine lower limbs, ankles, calves, and behind the knees frequently. Also check for signs of veins that bulge in the ankle, calf or around the knee, which are often the first symptoms of varicose veins. These veins are highly visible and may appear dark blue in color, because they carry deoxygenated blood from the extremities back to the heart. Often, bluish veins are visible just beneath the surface of the skin.
2. Attention to tingling sensations or throbbing pain in lower limbs is also an indication of . Experiencing such symptoms are common to varicose veins. Listen to your body and note frequency of pain, as well as situation or activities when such pain occurs.
3. Touch varicose veins. They may produce pain or sensitivity in the affected area. Rope-like or bulging veins may be especially tender to the touch. Such signs and symptoms need to be addressed by a physician for adequate treatment plan approaches.
4. Look out for aching sensations in the affected area. It may spread upward as the day goes on. Often, such aching or pain may be alleviated by sitting down with feet raised to help facilitate blood drainage from the .
5. Watch for signs of swelling in lower extremities such as the ankles and calves. Stinging sensations may be felt in the feet. If getting off feet or raising feet for a short period of time doesn't provide relief, schedule a visit with your physician.
Medical lab assistants often work in hospitals, clinics or private laboratories. As the name implies, much of this job involves assisting other lab workers, usually medical lab technologists. However, assistants do have many independent responsibilities as well. They are often expected to run laboratory machinery, sterilize equipment and prepare specimen samples, among other tasks.
Features
Medical lab assistants (MLAs) run simple laboratory tests and handle specimens. For example, their jobs may include fixing blood/tissue specimens on slides. Technical skills required may involve running lab machinery, such as autoclave (sterilizing) equipment or a centrifuge.
Although this position usually pays less than laboratory technologists earn, lab assistants nevertheless have a lot of responsibility and must have proper training.
Education
You can train to be a laboratory assistant by registering for courses at a college or vocational school. You will need to get your associates degree in laboratory science. This will only take one to two years to complete, and laboratory assistant certification programs exist across the nation.
Courses typically include an introduction to laboratory equipment and basic studies in phlebotomy and specimen processing. In addition to some medical knowledge, you will need sufficient technical knowledge and training to run lab equipment.
Salary
Medical laboratory assistants usually start out making between $20,000 and $40,000 per year. Your salary could be higher or lower, of course, depending on where you work. To increase your salary, you can always receive more training at a later time and become a laboratory technologist.
Warning
Lab assistants spend a lot of time on their feet and doing tasks that may at times be strenuous. The job title might make it seem like this is not a very physical job; however, depending on the hospital or clinic you work for, it can be.
As they work around biohazardous material, laboratory assistants must follow strict protocols in dealing with tissue and fluid specimens.
Considerations
The terms "medical lab assistant" and "medical laboratory technician" are sometimes used interchangeably. This is often incorrect--technicians and technologists usually have more training than assistants.
A laboratory assistant must be able to work independently. Although he or she may often be working alongside a technologist, assistants must be self-starters capable of completing necessary assigned duties.
As a medical laboratory assistant, your job duties may vary, depending on the clinic or hospital that hires you.
The Atkins diet is a science-backed diet program that reduces carbs and increases fiber, resulting in weight loss. One popular feature of the Atkins diet is that you get to eat all of the fruits and vegetables you want, but you must reduce your breads and sweets in order to cut carbs. The Atkins diet changes your metabolism so that you burn stored fat instead of food energy.
History
Dr Robert Atkins introduced the Atkins Nutritional Approach in 1972, with his book "Dr. Atkins' Diet Revolution."
Benefits
Because the Atkins diet reduces the amount of stored energy in the form of fat in the body, while supplying energizing protein-rich foods, users find that they're able to burn fat faster than with other diets.
Misconceptions
Many people think that the Atkins diet means eating nothing but meats and cheeses, but fruits, vegetables and nuts and other whole food sources are also allowed.
Potential
After one year on the Atkins diet, users claim that they're not very hungry. While their weight loss may be the same as other nutritional approaches, their lack of hunger after a year of dieting may be significant.
Warning
Completely removing carbs from the diet can "starve the brain," a condition called ketosis. Follow the advice of your physician or dietitian before engaging in long-term weight loss programs.
Tags: Atkins diet, weight loss, Atkins diet, fruits vegetables, that they
Yeast infections in the throat are a type of thrush, which is caused by a fungus known as Candida albicans. The fungus accumulates in the lining of the mouth, causing tell-tale white lesions, which can spread into the throat. It is quite common in children and people who have medical conditions that predispose them to infection.
Effects
Yeast infections in the throat are most common among very small children; however, adults can get this infection as well. The symptoms are white lesions that resemble cottage cheese. These lesions can be painful and can bleed if they are scraped or ruptured. They are usually found along the tongue, inner cheek, and on the soft palate. If a baby has thrush, the nursing mother may experience tender nipples, flaky skin around the areola and pain while nursing. These symptoms mean that the child has passed the infection on to the mother.
Identification
Yeast infections in the throat are very easy to diagnose. It is often enough for the doctor to have a look at the lesions, while shining a light down the throat. In some cases, a small sample of material from the throat may be examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis. This is most likely if another condition, such as strep throat, is also suspected.
Considerations
Adults who get thrush in the mouth or throat, especially if it happens more than once, may have an underlying problem. Poorly-controlled diabetes and conditions that affect the immune system can cause repeated yeast infections in the throat. Some medications may also make this more likely to occur. If you get thrush frequently, you may require testing to rule out other health conditions.
Significance
Yeast infections in the throat are not a threat to healthy children and adults. Even though the infection may return, a strong immune system can easily cope with the problem. However, people with impaired immune systems are likely to develop more serious complications. The lungs, liver and digestive system can become infected in extreme cases, particularly in people who have AIDS.
Prevention/Solution
Treatments for yeast infections in the throat vary according to the patient. In children, a mild infection may need no treatment at all. Eating unsweetened yogurt is often recommended to restore the balance of natural bacteria in the mouth. Adults may use unsweetened yogurt and acidophilus in liquid or capsule form as a home treatment. Prescription antifungal medications are available and are very effective.
Sweet almond oil is one of the most popular body massage and aromatherapy or cosmetic carrier oils in existence; it's readily available, keeps well, has a pleasant aroma and absorbs readily into the skin. You'll find sweet almond oil readily available in the cosmetics or personal care section of almost any store, with higher-end products available in specialty natural products stores.
Facts
Sweet almond oil is produced by pressing the dried kernels or nuts of the almond tree. These kernels are the same nuts you're used to eating, either whole or ground into meal, and are usually known simply as almonds. The "sweet" in sweet almond oil differentiates between the oil's source in edible almonds--Amygdalus communis, var. dulcis--as opposed to the poisonous bitter almond, Amygdalus communis, var. amara, which a different plant entirely. Oil extracts from the bitter almond are widely used in flavoring, but because of its poisonous nature should be used sparingly and not confused with sweet almond oil.
Benefits
Sweet almond is rich in a number of vitamins, including vitamins A, E, B1, B2, and B6; thus its softening, nourishing effect on skin. While there is little scientific research about the effects of sweet almond oil, it is reputed to help soothe irritated, dry, inflamed or itchy skin. Sweet almond oil also has many of the same nutritional benefits of a whole almond if used in cooking, including a high concentration of oleic and linoleic essential fatty acids.
Uses
Sweet almond oil is highly sought after as a massage oil because it has a fine texture and is easily absorbed. Because of this, it leaves the skin soft and smooth without a greasy coating. Sweet almond oil is also added to soap and other cosmetic applications, such as face creams or scrubs, and because it absorbs so easily also makes a fine aromatherapy carrier oil. Sweet almond oil can also be used for cooking--it's well suited to stir frying since it is cholesterol free and has a high flash point.
Considerations
When purchasing sweet almond oil, look for virgin cold-pressed products. Cold-pressing preserves many of the delicate and volatile oils and organic compounds that would otherwise be destroyed by the high heat of other processing methods. Much as with olive oil, the designation of "virgin" refers to the fact that the oil in question comes from the first pressing of the almonds and is thus often considered to be higher in nutrients. Store almond oil in a cool dry place; it does keep well due to its Vitamin E content, which acts as a preservative, but will go rancid if exposed to continuous heat.
Warnings
If you have allergies to tree nuts, you should avoid using sweet almond oil or products containing it on your skin; they may produce an allergic reaction. Always read the label on almond oil products carefully--make sure you've purchased something made of sweet almond oil, not bitter almond oil, and make sure you're not allergic or sensitive to any additives that may be present. Further, you should be wary of a product known as "fixed almond oil," which is made of a mixture of sweet and bitter almonds oils. Because bitter almond oil has poisonous qualities, fixed almond oil may be irritating to the skin and should not be consumed.
People who have suffered from constipation have most likely heard of senna, especially if they've read the back of a laxative box. While not all bowel stimulators include this botanical ingredient in their formula, it is known to be an effective method of treating occasional constipation. Yet, it does pose some problems for some people, namely when taken for an extended period of time.
Identification
Senna is basically a natural herb that is used to stimulate the bowels. It is found in a number of commercial laxatives, such as Fleet Natural, Goldline, Swiss Kriss and Senokot Tablets, used to remedy constipation. While you may not see the herb listed in the list of ingredients, it could still be present, as the leaves of the senna are used to produce sennosides, another common ingredient in stimulant laxatives. Sennosides are found in the formulas of Ex-Lax, Senna Soft and Senokot Liquid.
How It Works
Any laxative that contains senna will essentially interact with the bacteria found in your digestive track. This interaction will then cause a contraction within your intestines, producing a bowel movement between 6 and 12 hours after you've taken the supplement. Of course, this is only true when the laxative is used as described on the packaging. Taking more than the suggested amount may cause a or even diarrhea in less time.
Recommendations
Currently, the Food and Drug Administration has given senna the classification of "undefined safety," which means that it is thought to be safe, but its effects are still indeterminate. For the average adult, senna should be used only for limited lengths of time as recommended, typically not to exceed four tablets in a 24-hour period and to be used for no longer than 1 week. Using senna for longer periods of time could cause a dependency on the substance and make it possible to have a bowel movement only while using the supplement.
Side Effects
As with any supplement, a laxative containing senna does have some side effects, including nausea or vomiting, diarrhea and abdominal cramps or gas and bloating. While not seemingly severe, you should stop taking senna if you find these side effects worsening or persisting for an extended period of time. Though most of the people encounter while using senna are minor, some people have complained of more significant symptoms, including bloody stools, rectal bleeding, dizziness or lightheadedness, mild to moderate fatigue and even a rapid heart rhythm. Again, you should immediately cease use and contact your doctor.
Weight Loss
There has been some talk about the use of senna (or any laxative) as a tool to lose weight. Besides the negative effects on a person's health, such as low potassium, malnutrition, dehydration, osteomalacia (bone damage), moderate to severe fatigue and intestinal damage, usage doesn't change your caloric intake. It is only ridding your body of excess water, which can also displace the balance of your electrolytes. Using laxatives is not recommend as part of any weight-loss regimen.
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Eosinophilic gastroenteritis affects the lining of the stomach, both intestines and at times the large intestines may be infiltrated with eosinophilis, which is a white blood cell. This can spread to other organs and, though rare, affects mostly children and teenagers. Treatment of eosinophilic disorders depends on the severity and location of the symptoms. Though there is no permanent cure, in most cases the symptoms and causes of the disease can be controlled through diet and medication.
Elimination of Sensitive Foods and Improving the Diet
Eosinophilic gastroenteritis is sometimes treated by eliminating certain foods from the diet. Skin testing is done to check sensitivity to the foods and then the particularly sensitive foods are recommended for removal.
Pharmacotherapy
Supportive treatment includes oral drugs like glucocorticosteroids that help patients with obstructive symptoms.
Anti-Inflammatory Medications
Patients who show symptoms of mucosal layer problems are given anti-inflammatory drugs like oral oral cromolyn and glucocorticoids [Nguyen, 2008]. These problems may include heartburn, gastroentritis and acidity.
Surgery
Surgery is a suggested treatment but not recommended unless the patient has small bowel obstruction or needs relief from persistent pyloric obstruction.
Elemental Diet
Sometimes elemental diets can help, which means no intake of proteins either in their pre-digested or hydrolyzed form is permitted in the diet. Special formulas are made of amino-acids so that no allergens penetrate the body. Examples include Neocate® and Elecare®. [Nguyen, 2008].
Topical Steroids
Topical steroids have shown to reduce the eosinophil counts in children and drugs like Fluticasone proprionate (Flovent®), are used for this purpose. The fluticasone is sprayed in the mouth and the dosage is higher than that used for allergies and asthma. Budesonide mixed with a viscous solution can also be helpful for treatment.
Other Medications
Alternative Chinese medicines have been tried with little success, and while some medicines like leukotriene inhibitors improve the symptoms the eosinophil numbers do not decrease. Other drugs like montelukast and ketotifen have had no success either.
Laser eye surgery has advanced quickly and there are a number of options from which to choose. Procedures are available for different kinds of vision. Work with your surgeon to examine the options that are best for you to make an informed decision and to know what to expect. Read on to learn compare laser eye surgery options.
Instructions
1. Know your eye correction prescription. Because laser eye surgery options have become so sophisticated, some are better for those with higher prescriptions for near-sightedness or astigmatism.
2. Look at the PRK option. This stands for photorefractive keratectomy. It is one of the oldest procedures and not as common as it used to be, but can be the way to go for a thinner cornea or large pupil. Recovery time from PRK is gradual over several months.
3. Examine the Lasek option. This involves lifting the outer layer of the cornea with a fine blade and alcohol to loosen the tissue so the laser can be used underneath. Healing time in many patients is about 24 to 48 hours from the actual surgery.
4. Evaluate the Lasik procedure. There is a tiny incision in this option as well, lifting a flap from the cornea and using the laser underneath for the vision correction.
5. Compare Lasek and Lasik to PRK. Both Lasik and Lasek have much shorter recovery times and vision improvement is often within the first 2 or 3 days to the point you can drive without glasses.
6. Ask about Zyoptix. This is a relatively new technology for many eye types in which the laser works more quickly and allows the surgeon to be more accurate.
Tags: Compare Laser, Compare Laser Surgery, laser surgery options, , surgery options
Cerebral palsy occurs as a result of a brain malformation or injury. The associated symptoms are usually discovered within the first 3 years of life. Although cerebral palsy has no cure, there are many treatment options to deal with the physical symptoms.
Instructions
1. Attend regular doctors visits. Use this time to report status changes and any new physical or mental developments. There may be a variety of appointments to maintain including visits with primary care and specialty physicians. Be sure to cluster appointments for greater efficiency and to decrease travel frustrations.
2. Receive physical therapy. Primary goals of physical therapy include preventing muscle deterioration and contraction and promoting increase motor skill and function. A continued assessment will be made to determine the frequency and degree of physical therapy needed. Sessions can be scheduled in office or in the home depending on the condition's progression and office capabilities.
3. Engage in speech and language therapy. Communication between the cerebral palsy sufferer and the rest of the world is very important. This therapy will help develop speech skills and promote an understanding of both verbal and written language. A variety of techniques may be used including using flash cards, sign language, or picture associations. The goal is to provide a solid means of communication.
4. Control the pain and spasms. Many people suffer from painful muscle tensions, spasms, or contractions related to cerebral palsy. Medications such as Valium work to ease the associated spams and pain. Anticonvulsants like Dilantin may also be prescribed to help control seizures. A thorough assessment will determine if medication is a suitable treatment..
5. Seek occupational therapy. Goals of this therapy include the promotion of activities of daily living. Occupational therapy will help develop fine motor skills needed to complete such tasks as brushing teeth or buttoning clothing. There will also be effort put into making sure modified equipment is available for easier use. For example, occupational therapists can help find comfortable seating and eating utensils.
6. Try surgery. Corrective or preventative surgery may be in order to ease pain or avoid further damage. Surgical repair of muscles can also help improve functions related to walking. Care must be taken with younger patients to avoid damaging developing muscles and tendons. Early intervention is often recommended for increased results.
Tags: physical therapy, assessment will, cerebral palsy, help develop, therapy include, therapy will
If you have been diagnosed with liver cancer, you will have a number of questions for your doctor. Hepatic, or "liver," cancers bring with them a number of special concerns that are not found with other types of cancer. Ask your doctor about the specifics of your case, about taking a multidisciplinary approach and about the surgery itself. It is a good idea to bring someone with you to appointments when you discuss your treatment, and take notes as well. Chances are you will be presented with a lot of information to absorb and understand.
Questions About Your Cancer
Ask for information about your specific type of liver cancer. For example, is your cancer hepatocellular, the most common type? Fibrolamellar, a rare hepatocellular subtype that's more easily treatable? Knowing the specifics of your liver cancer can help you understand your treatment and prognosis.
Ask which stage your liver cancer is in; this is one of the most important diagnostic criteria. This information will help predict your prognosis and guide your treatment options. Your doctor should be able to tell you why a particular treatment course has been chosen for your liver cancer and what to expect during and after treatment. Patients with liver cancer usually suffer from jaundice and weight loss; talk with your doctor about managing these symptoms.
Multidisciplinary Management
A multidisciplinary approach benefits all cancer patients, but it is especially crucial for patients with liver cancer. The liver is an essential organ and it affects numerous body systems. Treatment for liver cancer cannot be considered in a vacuum. Make sure your doctor is working as part of a multidisciplinary team from the beginning of your treatment.
Depending on your case, you may need a variety of care providers, including a surgeon, medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, gastroenterologist, liver specialist, pathologist, home care provider and coordinator. The multidisciplinary team will consider the form of your cancer, how advanced your cancer is and your general health in making its treatment recommendations.
Surgical Concerns
Before consenting to surgery, ask about options that will help conserve liver tissue. The more liver tissue can be preserved, the more likely you will have a good outcome.
Ask what kind of surgery will be performed. Surgical options include removing the part of the liver where the tumor is located, killing the tumor, placing an infusion pump into the liver to deliver chemotherapy medications, or combinations of these procedures.
Tags: liver cancer, your doctor, your treatment, with liver, with liver cancer
A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure in women that involves the removal of all or part of the uterus. Some hysterectomies involve not only the removal of the uterus, but also the cervix. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) defines a total hysterectomy as the removal of the uterus and the cervix, while a partial hysterectomy (also known as a "supracervical hysterectomy") is when only the upper portion of the uterus is removed, but not the cervix. The NIH indicates that the various methods of performing partial and total hysterectomies are identical.
Abdominal Partial Hysterectomy
In abdominal partial hysterectomy procedures, a five to seven inch incision is made by the surgeon just above the pubic hairline. The skin and muscle tissue are cut, and the upper portion of the uterus is removed. The NIH estimates the recovery time of this procedure to be four to six weeks.
Vaginal Partial Hysterectomy
In a vaginal partial hysterectomy procedure, an incision is made inside the vagina, and the upper section of the uterus is removed through the incision. The incision is then closed with stitches. The NIH estimates the recovery time of this procedure to be three to four weeks, less than an abdominal procedure due to less muscle tissue being cut.
Laparoscopic Partial Hysterectomy
A laparoscope is a small tube with a built-in camera that is inserted into an incision. In a laparoscopic partial hysterectomy, three to four small incisions are made in the abdomen and the laparoscope is inserted. The surgeon is then able to view the surgical area on a video monitor and cut the uterus into small pieces that are removed through the incisions. The Mayo Clinic estimates recovery time for this procedure to be one to two weeks.
Like a laparoscopic partial hysterectomy, two to three incisions are made the abdomen in a laparoscopically assisted vaginal partial hysterectomy. However, instead of cutting the uterus into smaller pieces and removing it through the incisions, it is removed whole through the vagina. The Mayo Clinic estimates recovery time of this procedure to be one to two weeks.
Robotic Surgery for Partial Hysterectomy
The da Vinci Surgical System is a minimally invasive robotic surgery procedure developed by a company called Intuitive Surgery in Sunnyvale, California. This method is currently being used to perform partial hysterectomies by making a series of small incisions instead of a large six to twelve inch incision common with typical abdominal procedures. The robot consists of miniaturized wristed instruments that are controlled by the surgeon, who is seated at a console that provides detailed 3-D images of the surgical area. The surgeon controls all movements, and the company states that the robot does not make independent decisions. The Mayo Clinic estimates recovery time of this procedure to be one to two weeks.
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Deaf people focus on driving by using their eyes. They are cautious drivers totally aware of their outside surroundings, keeping their hands on the wheel at all times and do not sign to passengers in the car. Their eyes are constantly moving, taking in the areas in the front, back and sides of their car. They use their car mirrors to give them a clear panoramic view of other cars and pedestrians on either side or in the rear of them. They slow down when they see cars in front with blinking stop lights and stop when they see cars in front of them stopped. They drive with extreme caution and awareness.
Night Driving and Blinking Lights
Contrary to belief, night driving makes it even easier for the deaf to drive. Stop and street signs blink and light up at night. The side doors of police cars glow in the dark, so even if the deaf person doesn't hear the police siren, he can see the police car approach. Blinking lights on road construction sites, emergency vehicles and railroad crossings alert them in advance to either immediately come to a stop or to proceed with caution then pull over and stop. The deaf driver follows drivers in front of him. Taking notice of a car or multiple cars that are either stopping or fully stopped at a green light cautions the deaf driver that an emergency vehicle with sirens blaring might be about to go through an intersection.
The Downside
Since deaf drivers follow the lead of cars ahead of them, it would follow that they would stop driving when noticing cars ahead stopped at a green light. The problem the deaf would face and can easily occur is when there are no cars ahead of them and the light is green. They would normally continue to drive being the light is green but not be aware that there iss a problem ahead (like an emergency vehicle with sirens blaring about to run a red light) that should have made them stop.
North America's blood banks are running dry. Only 30 percent of Americans are eligible to donate blood—even worse, 5 percent of eligible donors find their way to a local blood drive in a given year. Millions of people pass up the opportunity to save lives because they're too busy, afraid of needles, or because the closest drive is over 10 miles away from where they live. Whether you are a first-time donor or just haven't given in a few years, it's time to put aside your excuses. These easy steps will show you find a drive and make an appointment, prepare to give blood, and what to do when you're done.
Instructions
Finding a local Blood Drive
1. Find a Red Cross–sponsored blood drive in your area. Call 1-800-GIVE-LIFE (1-800-448-3543) and talk to a representative. You can also visit the American Red Cross website.
2. Once you log on to the website, enter your 5-digit zip code in the form field and press search. If a message pops up saying that a drive cannot be found, it means that there are no drives within 2 miles of your location. Hit your browser's back button and try an advanced search, where you can specify how far you are willing to go. You can select as far as 50 miles away but often results appear within 5 or 10 miles of your zip code.
3. Select one of the drive locations in the "Blood Drives" box and a list of time slots will appear to the right. If you have no logged in, a message will prompt you to log in or create a blood donor profile. If you do not want to create an online profile, you can press the "Info" balloon to get contact information for the drive. Clicking on the contact's name will bring up your email client so you may sign up directly.
4. Mark the date, time and location of your appointment down in your calendar or agenda—the last thing you want to do is forget to show up.
Donating Blood
5. Show up for your blood drive's designated date, time, and location. Wear clothing with sleeves that you can roll above your elbows.
6. Locate the sign-in desk, greet the American Red Cross Representative and follow his or her instructions. Make sure to carefully read the donor eligibility guidelines.
7. When a licensed nurse is available, go to his or her station and follow the instructions. You will need to submit to a quick mini-physical where the take your temperature, pulse and blood pressure to make sure you feel well enough to donate. You will also take a finger-prick test to determine iron sufficiency and answer questions about your medical history, either on paper or on a small personal computer.
8. If you are feeling well and still eligible to donate based on your medical history, you will be led to a small table where you will verify your identity and lay down. A nurse will locate a large vein inside the elbow, disinfect the area with an iodine swab, and insert the needle to start the donation. You will likely be given a small wand or ball to roll in your fingers to keep your blood flowing. On average it can take 7 to 10 minutes to fill a 1-pint donation bag.
9. When the bag is full, a nurse will remove the needle, cover the site with a gauze bandage and instruct you to lift your arm into the air while applying pressure to the site. The nurse will help you sit up to make sure you are not dizzy and give you a sheet of aftercare instructions and a phone number you can call if you experience problems or decide your blood should not be donated after all.
Aftercare
10. After donation, it's smart to stop by the refreshment table and take some cookies and juice. They will raise your blood sugar and help your body adjust to the slight blood loss. After about 15 minutes, you should be ready to resume your daily activities including driving, though heavy lifting is not advised for five hours after donation.
11. You've just lost a pint of your body fluids, so be sure to rehydrate by drinking plenty of juice, water, and other liquids over the next two days.
12. If you feel light-headed or dizzy, sit down and elevate your feet until the feeling passes.
13. You may remove your bandage after 5 to 6 hours following donation. If bleeding occurs after removing the bandage, apply pressure to the site and raise your arm for 3 to 5 minutes. Bruising may occur at the site that can last up to 10 days; applying an ice pack for the first 24 hours can help with bleeding and bruising.
14. If you experience bruising that lasts longer than two weeks or feel concerned about another symptom, call the American Red Cross toll free number on your aftercare instruction sheet.
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Final Fantasy is a franchise owned by Square Enix that includes mostly games but also film. The series is most noteworthy for its innovative story lines and beautiful visuals in the later games. Many of the later characters have also become household names among gaming communities. As the series began to include animated films, Square Enix decided to switch from cartoon animation to more realistic animation. Square Enix has pushed the boundaries in the computer animation found in the Final Fantasy series.
History
The first Final Fantasy game was released in Japan in 1987 by Square Enix. The following two games of the main series were released in 1988 and 1990. These games were designed for the Nintendo Entertainment System. This system used an 8-bit microprocessor with an amount of RAM that is microscopic by today's standards (at 2kb). The system was able to handle 48 kb of RAM. Square Enix had 48 colors to work with, along with 5 grays. Additionally, each line on the screen could only hold 25 colors. The figures or "sprites" had to be 8-by-8 pixels or 8-by-16 pixels. These graphical limitations forced Square Enix to limit itself to creating simplistic little sprites that could really only symbolize characters and events, rather than actually depicting them with very much detail.
For the next three games developed by Square Enix, it took advantage of Super Nintendo Entertainment System's (SNES) 16-bit processor. This game system had two packages, one for video data and one for sprite data. The number of colors available jumped from 48 colors to 32,768 colors. These sprites could be 8-by-8 bit, 16-by-16 bit, 32-by-32 bit, or 64-by-64 bit. This allowed for more colorful characters with more personality. With enough effort, landscapes could be created using SNES's graphic capabilities, such as gushing waterfalls and detailed mountains. By Final Fantasy VI (known as Final Fantasy III in America), many of the monsters and other sprites took on a certain element of style. The incredibly powerful Atama beast had richly textured fur. The three goddesses were as stylized as fairies drawn in modern Gothic fantasy art. The final mass of fused-together religious symbols and steam-punk symbols that formed one enormous sprite was probably the epiphany in innovative sprite art. Still, Square Enix never managed to create realistic faces, and its animation still appeared very flat. Pixels were noticeable and the motions that the sprites made were still incredibly simplistic, with the protagonists' attacks being limited to simple swings and the monsters' attacks showing no motion at all. In fact, the most complexly detailed sprites remained completely frozen at all times, as if the heroes of the Final Fantasy games were combating cardboard cutouts of fearsome monsters.
The following three games of the main series were run on the Sony Playstation. This system had a significant improvement over the two Nintendo consoles. The console jumped from kilobytes to megabytes with 2 megabytes. This console revolutionized the potential of Final Fantasy games by including a geometry transformation engine, which allows 3D graphics. Suddenly, Final Fantasy characters, monsters and environments could come to life in a 3D world. The CD-ROMs were capable of storing much greater amounts of data. All of these differences allowed Square Enix to create brief 3D cut-scenes with details that had never been seen before in Final Fantasy games. Seeing that it could dramatically change forever the look of Final Fantasy animation, Square Enix took as much advantage of the hardware capabilities as it could. Thanks to the beautifully detailed cut-scenes, Final Fantasy has not only set the standard for storyline in an RPG, but also in visual elements.
Final Fantasy X, XI, and XII were on Playstation II. This system includes an "Emotion System," which is very complex. Explained simply, this CPU system contains 8 units, each with a different function. Following this system was the Playstation III, which is more like a computer in that it can be updated. Also, a recent computer animated film called "Final Fantasy: Advent Children" has been released.
Types
The Final Fantasy games went though many different generations of console systems. The original six games consisted of 2D pixel sprites. With most of these sprites, individual characters can usually only be distinguished by the color of their hair, clothes, and the shape of their bodies. These characters were always small and usually had small bodies with enlarged heads, similar to the "chibi" style found in Japanese comics. The resolution of these characters was so low that gamers could see the individual pixels that made up the characters.
Final Fantasy 7 made a drastic departure from the style of the other Final . When exploring the in-game map, gamers still controlled chibi-style characters, though these sprites were 3D, fully colored, and had distinct features. While these characters appeared childlike and cartoonish, they were replaced by fully grown characters. These characters represented the Japanese manga style with simplified features and large, highly stylized eyes. Final Fantasy 7 also introduced cut-scenes to the Final Fantasy franchise. At certain pivotal moments in the game, the player would lose control of his character as a predetermined scene occurs. These scenes moved the plot forward, depicted very complex action scenes, or simply showed main characters in greater detail. The defining feature of these cut-scenes was that they were always far superior graphically to the in-game scenes.
Final Fantasy 8 took another step in drastically changing the visual aspects of the Final Fantasy series. Final Fantasy 8 abandoned the cartoonish character design for a more realistic look. The chibi look was abandoned completely. Instead, the same sprites that were used in the battle scenes were also used in the in-game map. Even though the characters were more realistic-looking, the faces in the in-game map were difficult to make out. The faces were more easy to make out in the battle scenes. The cut-scenes in Final Fantasy 8 are used the same as they were in Final Fantasy 7, though they were more frequently used. The motions of the characters was far more realistic than the motions in Final Fantasy 7 because motion capture technology was used (movement was recorded by actual actors in order to enhance the realism of each character's movements). The graphics in the cut-scenes strived to be photo-realistic, though the skin textures were often too smooth and unblemished to seem real.
With Final Fantasy 9, gamers were able to return temporarily to the more nostalgic days of deformed characters and simplistic music. Characters were again done in a cartoonish way.
Final Fantasy games after that stuck with realistic character design. Over time, cut-scenes were merged together graphically and cut-scenes and in-game scenes became more difficult to distinguish.
Features
sprites were often frozen or were capable of only a handful of frames of animation. For instance, Cecil in Final Fantasy IV could make simple sword swings that consisted of having one of his hands up, and then having one of his hands down. As this happened, an image that was meant to represent a slash appeared on the screen. These slashes were similar to the magic images that would appear when magic spells were cast. Final Fantasy VI magic had some of the most visually impressive magical spells for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. This complexity was probably due to the fact that the magic was more easily animated because there was no need to worry about anatomy.
Final Fantasy VII was the first game to include fully realistically animated movements. While Final Fantasy VII animators had to guess how the limbs would move, Final Fantasy VIII and beyond used motion capture in order to achieve the highest level of realism.
Final Fantasy X was the first Final Fantasy game to have facial expressions. The Playstation II had the capabilities of creating fully realistic faces, and each character was capable of facial expressions that could shift and change as realistically as a real face.
Geography
Each of the Final Fantasy games had different styles and influences.
Final Fantasy I to III had an exclusively medieval fantasy theme. These games all included typical knights, princesses and mages. The monsters were the typical type found in fantasy, such as goblins.
Final Fantasy IV was also fantasy themed but included some strange advances in technology such as airships, CPUs, robots, tanks and cannons. Also, some of the dungeons in the game were heavily technological and filled with computers.
Final Fantasy V had a more Victorian look, yet it still included swords and knights. Much of the technology found in Final Fantasy IV was not found in Final Fantasy V, but the game still included airships.
Final Fantasy VI took place in an unusual steampunk setting. High technology had once existed but was lost in a 1,000-year war. Technology is similar to that of the second industrial revolution, though many more advanced types of technology exist. Opera, fine arts, railroads and coal mining are common. Several modern tools exist, like the chainsaw and the drill. Castles are able to submerge and burrow underneath the ground. Most important to the storyline, the most powerful government in the game controls giant magical robots called magitek armor.
Final Fantasy VII takes place in a technology-saturated dystopian world. The setting is mostly dark and full of old, rusted machinery and decaying, neglected cities. The world also seems to be culturally lacking, with more of an emphasis on technology and industry. The characters dress in modern clothes and have somewhat of a rebellious look to them. Though some technologies are highly advanced, other technologies are highly neglected, such as space technology.
Square Enix made an effort to give Final Fantasy VIII a more exotic theme for Japanese gamers. Inspirations for Final Fantasy VIII were drawn from European and Aztecan architecture. The atmosphere was more bright, full of color and designs. Many of the cities appeared more utopian than dystopian in nature, and relatively high technology reigned. One particular city, Esthar, was highly technologically advanced.
Final Fantasy IX attempted to break away from the technologically advanced settings of VII and VIII by returning to the medieval theme. Final Fantasy IX strived for a more adorable look. Much of the game is very whimsical and enormous, gorgeous castles powered by hydropower and wind power. Much of the game was also inspired by Norse mythology.
Final Fantasy X created a world of opposites. The world of Spira consists of a highly technologically advanced world called Zanarkand and a primitive, spiritual island society inspired by Southeast Asia. This world is more highly detailed than the previous worlds.
Final Fantasy XI is a massively multiplayer online game, which is a departure from the other Final Fantasy games. As a result, this game has the potential to change. Originally, Final Fantasy XI was modeled after older medieval-themed games.
Final Fantasy XII was inspired by Mediterranean medieval societies, with some influence also from India and New York City. To a degree, Final Fantasy XII seemed like a cross between ancient Rome and "Star Wars."
Potential
With the Playstation 3, a system capable of near lifelike detail--hopefully, the ground-breaking visuals found in Final Fantasy animation--will continue to evolve.
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